Indicator 7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology

Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

Target 7.1: By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services

Indicator 7.1.2: Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology

November 2021

3.9.1

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Simon Kyewalyanga

Project and Methodology

Senior Statistician Methods

+256 772 511682

P.O.Box 7186,Kampala

simon.kyewalyanga@ubos.org

Definition:

Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology is calculated as the number of people using clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting divided by total household population reporting any cooking, heating or lighting, expressed as a percentage. “Clean” is defined by the emission rate targets and specific fuel recommendations (i.e. against unprocessed charcoal, firewood and kerosene) included in the normative guidance by the WHO guidelines for indoor air quality and household fuel combustion.

Concepts:

In Uganda data collection on modern energy sources focuses on the primary fuel used for cooking, lighting and heating are categorized as solid and non-solid fuels. Clean sources of energy are as follows; Hydro, Solar and wind. Whereas unclean sources include; Charcoal, firewood and petroleum products.

Percent

None

Uganda National Household Survey

Data collection include; survey planning, consultative user needs assessment meetings, survey and sampling design, questionnaire development, pretesting and finalization of questionnaires, recruitment and training of field staff, field data collection and capture, data processing, management, checking and analysis, report writing and production. At each stage, the survey conformed to international best practices in survey implementation.

Sample Design

The sample was designed to allow generation of separate estimates at the national level, for urban and rural areas and for fifteen sub-regions of Uganda. A two-stage stratified sampling design is used. At the first stage, EAs are grouped by districts of similar socio-economic characteristics and by rural-urban location. The EAs were then drawn using Probability Proportional to size.

At the second stage, households which are the ultimate sampling units are drawn using Systematic Random Sampling. The total numbers of the EAs are selected from the National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) which constituted the sampling frame.

Training and data collection

A team of field supervisors and interviewers are recruited and trained for the main survey. The main approach of the training comprised instructions in relation to interviewing techniques and field procedures, a detailed review of the data collection modules, tests and practice using hand-held Computer Assisted Interviews (CAPI) devices. The training also includes interviews and field practice in selected EAs outside of the main survey sample. Team supervisors are further trained in data quality control procedures and coordination of field activities.

Prior to the main fieldwork, the data collection module are pretested to ensure that the questions are clear, flowing and easily understood by respondents.

Data collection

The UNHS 2019/20 collected data on the proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology by asking respondents. What source of energy does this household mainly use for lighting/cooking?

01 = Electricity-National grid

02 = Solar Home System

03 = Electricity- Personal Generator

04 = Electricity – Community/ thermal plant

05 = Gas

06 = Biogas

07 = Paraffin lantern

08 = Paraffin Tadooba

09 = Candles

10 = Firewood

11 = Cow dung

12 = Grass (reeds)

13 = Dry Cells

14 = Solar Lantern/Solar Lighting System

15 = Electricity-Mini Grid

16 = Electricity- commercial Generator

96 = Other (specify)

Hence findings for this indicator were computed using the codes above and divided by the total population and expressed as a percentage. For lighting; codes 01 to 06 and 14 to 16.

Every 3 years

2023

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) Act, 1998 provides for the development and maintenance of a National Statistical System (NSS) to ensure collection, analysis and publication of integrated, relevant, reliable and timely statistical information. It established the Bureau as the coordinating, monitoring and supervisory body for the National Statistical System.

Cooking, lighting and heating represent a large share of household energy use across the low- and middle-income countries. For cooking and heating, households typically rely on solid fuels (such as wood, charcoal, biomass) or kerosene paired with inefficient technologies (e.g. open fires, stoves, space heaters or lamps). It is well known that reliance on such inefficient energy for cooking, heating and lighting is associated with high levels of household (indoor) air pollution. The use of inefficient fuels for cooking alone is estimated to cause over 4 million deaths annually, mainly among women and children. This is more than TB, HIV and malaria combined. These adverse health impacts can be avoided by adopting clean fuels and technologies for all main household energy end-or in some circumstances by adopting advanced combustion cook stoves (i.e. those which achieve the emission rates targets provided by the WHO guidelines) and adopting strict protocols for their safe use. Given the importance of clean and safe household energy use as a human development issue, universal access to energy among the technical practitioner community is currently taken to mean access to both electricity and clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. For this reason, clean cooking forms part of the universal access objective under the UN Secretary General’s Sustainable Energy for All initiative.

None

The UNHS 2019/20 computed the proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology by asking respondents; What source of energy does this household mainly use for lighting/Cooking?

01 = Electricity-National grid

02 = Solar Home System

03 = Electricity- Personal Generator

04 = Electricity – Community/ thermal plant

05 = Gas

06 = Biogas

07 = Paraffin lantern

08 = Paraffin Tadooba

09 = Candles 10 = Firewood

11 = Cow dung

12 = Grass (reeds)

13 = Dry Cells

14 = Solar Lantern/Solar Lighting System

15 = Electricity-Mini Grid

16 = Electricity- commercial Generator

96 = Other (specify)

Hence findings for this indicator were computed using the codes above and divided by the total population and expressed as a percentage. For lighting; codes 01 to 06 and 14 to 16.

Consultations are made with key stakeholders in the Energy Development Program and Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development to verify the validity of the data before dissemination.

None

Quality Management is addressed through a series of activities by the UBOS Top management;

• The survey implementation is overseen by a Technical Working Group which is constituted using a multi-sectorial approach.
• The survey report is reviewed by an experienced team at Management level who are in most cases Directors or Heads of departments.

The 2019/20 UNHS underwent several stages before production and sharing of the final findings. During the Survey implementation;

• Consultative user needs assessment meetings are held with all key stakeholders.
• The survey and sampling design generated using scientific methods as recommended by the Census and Survey Rules and Regulations.
• The questionnaire development follows a multi-stakeholder approach and pretesting helps to establish the relevancy and adequacy of the questions to be used.
• Senior Supervision is conducted during data collection to ensure that quality data is collected
• Data editing, cleaning and coding is undertaken before analysis and report writing

Before dissemination, the report is reviewed and quality assured by the Department of Outreach and Quality Assurance at the Bureau.

Data availability:

The UNHS is conducted every 3 years’ Time series: 2012/13, 2016/17, 2019/20

Disaggregation:

By Sex, regional, rural-urban and national

None

URL: https://www.ubos.org

References: Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), 2021. Uganda National Household Survey 2019/2020. Kampala, Uganda; UBOS