Indicator 5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location

Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Target 5.4: Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate.

Indicator 5.4.1: Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location.

December 2021

Indicator under targets; 3,4, 6, 7, 8, 9and 10,11).

Uganda Bureau Of Statistics

Uganda Bureau Of Statistics

Ms. Pamela Kakande

Demography & Social Statistics (DSS)

Senior Statistician

+256 772 303441

P.O. Box 7186Kampala

pamela.kakande@ubos.org

Definition:

This indicator is defined as the proportion of time spent in a day on unpaid domestic and care work by men and women. Unpaid domestic and care work refers to activities related to the provision of services for own final use by household members, or by family members living in other households. These activities are listed in ICATUS 2016 under the major divisions “3. Unpaid domestic services for household and family members” and “4. Unpaid caregiving services for household and family members”

Concepts:

Unpaid domestic and care work refers to activities including food preparation, dishwashing, cleaning and upkeep of the dwelling, laundry, ironing, gardening, caring for pets, shopping, installation, servicing and repair of personal and household goods, childcare, and care of the sick, elderly or disabled household and family members, among others. Concepts and definitions for this indicator are based on the following international standards:

• System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA 2008)

• The Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, adopted by the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS) at its 19th Session in 2013

• International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics 2016 (ICATUS 2016) Relevant specific concepts are presented below:

• An activity is said to be productive or to fall within the “general production boundary” if it satisfies the third person criterion (the activity can be delegated to another person and yield the same desired results).

• Productive activities can be further classified based on the ILO framework for work statistics (included in the 19th ICLS resolution)

Indicator 5.4.1 only considers the own-use production work of services, or in other words, the activities related to unpaid domestic services and unpaid caregiving services undertaken by households for their own use.

This refers to the average time spent per day on unpaid domestic and care work. Unpaid domestic and care work activities include the unpaid production of goods for own final consumption, these include: the production of goods and services for self- Consumption (e.g., collecting water or firewood); the provision of services for self- consumption (e.g., cooking or cleaning as well as person-to- person care for other people); and ‘Voluntary work’ which consists of service or activity undertaken without pay for the benefit of the community, the environment, and persons other than close relatives or those within household.

Number(Hours)

• The International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics 2016 (ICATUS 2016)

• System of National Accounts 2008 (SNA 2008)

The Time Use Survey 2017/18

The survey was designed to produce representative estimates for the TUS indictors at national, rural/urban and the 10 statistical sub-regions.

Sampling Frame:

The 2017/18 TUS sample was designed to allow for generation of separate estimates at the national level, for urban and rural areas and for the 4 statistical regions of Uganda. At the time of the survey, there were 112 districts. A two-stage stratified sampling design was used. At the first stage, Enumeration Areas (EAs) were grouped by districts of similar socio-economic characteristics and by rural-urban location. The EAs were then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size. At the second stage, households which are the ultimate sampling units were drawn using Systematic Random Sampling.

A total of 350 EAs were selected from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) list of EAs which constituted the Sampling Frame. The 2017/18 TUS sample covers the entire country and was selected in such a way that it will generate estimates for the whole of Uganda, for urban and rural Uganda and for 4 strata. The survey targeted to interview 10 households per EA, implying a total sample of 3500 households. Prior to the main survey data collection, all the sampled EAs were updated by listing all the households within their boundaries.

Training of Field Staff:

A team of 48 field staff comprising of field interviewers and supervisors was recruited and trained for the main survey. The main approach of the training comprised instructions in relation to interviewing techniques and field procedures, a detailed review of the data collection tool, quizzes and hands-on practice using hand-held Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) devices. The training also included classroom mock interviews and field practice in selected EAs outside of the main survey sample. Team supervisors were further trained in data quality control procedures and coordination of fieldwork activities. Prior to the main field work, the data collection module were pretested to ensure that the questions were clear, flowing and easily understood by the respondents.

In Uganda the Time Use Surveys are not yet included in the Calendar for Censuses and Surveys. They are still among the adhoc surveys and therefore conducted based on demand and availability of funds.

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

The UBOS Act 1998 provides for the development and maintenance of a National Statistical System (NSS) to ensure collection, analysis and publication of integrated, relevant, reliable and timely statistical information. It established the Bureau as the coordinating, monitoring and supervisory body for the National Statistical System

The purpose of the indicator is to measure the amount of time women and men spend on unpaid work, to ensure that all work, whether paid or unpaid, is valued.

Time use statistics have been used for: (1) provide a measure of quality of life or general wellbeing of individuals and households; (2) offer a more comprehensive measurement of all forms of work, including unpaid household service work; (3) produce data relevant for monitoring gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls and are essential inputs for the policy and political dialogue on gender equality.

This indicator measures the average amount of time on unpaid work- care/domestic work as proportion of the average total time spent in all activities in a day (24).

The Time Use Survey in Uganda has not been integrated into the approved census and survey program which limits data availability.

Time-use data presented refer to the “main activity” only. Any “secondary activity” performed simultaneously with the main activity is not reflected in the average time shown. For instance, a woman may be cooking and looking after a child simultaneously. For countries reporting cooking as the main activity, time spent caring for children is not accounted for and reflected in the statistics. This may affect international comparability of data on time spent caring for children; it may also underestimate the time women spend on this activity.

Data presented for this indicator are expressed as a

proportion of time in a day. In the case when the reference period is one-week, weekly data is averaged over seven days to obtain the daily average time.

Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work is calculated by dividing the daily average number of hours spent on unpaid domestic and care work by 24 hours. Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work (Indicator 5.4.1) is calculated as:

Indicator 5.4.1 = ((Daily number of hours spent on domestic work + Daily number of hours spent on care work)/24)x100

Where;

Daily number of hours spent on relevant activities = (Total number of hours spent by the population on relevant activities)/ (Total population (regardless of whether they participated in the activity)

If data on time spent are weekly, data are averaged over seven days of the week to obtain daily time spent.

Average number of hours spent on unpaid domestic and care work derives from time use statistics that is collected through stand-alone time-use surveys Data on time-use may be summarized and presented as either (1) average time spent for participants (in a given activity) only or (2) average time spent for all population of a certain age (total relevant population). In the former type of averages, the total time spent by the individuals who performed an activity is divided by the number of persons who performed it (participants). In the latter type of averages, the total time is divided by the total relevant population (or a sub-group thereof), regardless of whether people performed the activity or not.

Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work is calculated by dividing the average number of hours a day spent on unpaid domestic and care work by the Total population divided by 24 hours.

None

Non

Quality Management is addressed through a series of activities by the UBOS Top Management;

1. The survey implementation is overseen by a Technical Working Group which was constituted using a multi sectorial approach.
2. The survey report was reviewed by an experienced team at Management level who are in most cases Directors or Heads of departments.

The Time Use Survey goes through several stages before production and sharing of the final findings. During the Survey implementation.

1. Consultative user needs assessment meetings are held with all key stakeholders.
2. The survey and sampling design generated using scientific methods as recommended by the Census and Survey Rules and Regulations.
3. Survey staff are trained on the survey tools and CAPI application before deployment to the field. iv. The TUS was over seen by a team of consultants hired by the UN Women National office.
4. The questionnaire development follows a multi-stakeholder approach and pretesting helps to establish the relevancy and adequacy of the questions used.
5. Senior Supervision was conducted during data collection to ensure that quality data is collected. vii. Debriefing meetings are organized with survey staff at the agreed intervals to discuss operational and technical field challenges.
6. Field Data editing, data cleaning and coding is undertaken before analysis and report writing

Before dissemination, the report was reviewed and quality assured by the Department of Outreach and Quality Assurance at the Bureau.

Data availability:

Data is available for only one year the Time Use Survey was conducted in 2017/18

Data disaggregation:

This indicator at the moment is being disaggregated by sex, age and location. The categories for disaggregation, by dimension, are as follows: Sex: female/male; Age: the recommended age groups are: 15+, 15-24, 25-44, 45-54, 55-64 and 65+ Location: urban/rural (following national definitions given the lack of international definition)

Non

Time use survey 2017/18 https://www.ubos.org