Indicator 16.7.2 Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group

Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

Target 16.7: Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels

16.7.2. Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group.

November 2021

Indicator 16.7.1,10.2,10.3,10.3.1

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Junda Nuwamanya

Demography and Social Statistics

Senior Statistician Crime Statistics

+256 782 602544

P.O Box 7186, Kampala

junda.nuwamanya@ubos.org

Definition:

This survey-based indicator measures self-reported levels of ‘external political efficacy’, that is, the extent to which people think that politicians and/or political institutions will listen to, and act on, the opinions of ordinary citizens. To address both dimensions covered by this indicator, SDG indicator 16.7.2 uses two well-established survey questions, namely: 1) one question measuring the extent to which people feel they have a say in what the government does (focus on inclusive participation in decision-making) and 2) another question measuring the extent to which people feel the political system allows them to have an influence on politics (focus on responsive decision-making). All efforts should be made to disaggregate survey results on these two questions by sex, age group, income level, education level, place of residence (administrative region e.g. province, state, district; urban/rural), disability status, and nationally relevant population groups.

Concepts:

Decision-making: It is implicit in indicator 16.7.2 that ‘decision-making’ refers to decision-making in the public governance realm (and not all decision-making).

Inclusive decision-making: Decision-making processes which provide people with an opportunity to ‘have a say’, that is, to voice their demands, opinions and/or preferences to decision-makers.

Responsive decision-making: Decision-making processes where politicians and/or political institutions listen to and act on the stated demands, opinions and/or preferences of people.

Percent

Not Applicable

The National Governance Peace and Security Survey 2017

The NGPSS 2017 underwent several stages of implementation which included: survey organization, stakeholder consultative meetings where user needs were identified, sample selection, questionnaire and application development, pretesting and finalization of questionnaires, recruitment and training of field staff, field data collection and capture, data processing, management, cleaning and analysis; report writing and production. At each stage, the survey conformed to international best practices in survey implementation

Sample Design:

The sample was designed to allow generation of separate estimates at the national level, residence and for the 5 Statistical Regions of Uganda. A three stage cluster sampling design was employed to select a representative sample at household level. At the first stage, EAs were grouped by districts of similar socio-economic characteristics and by rural-urban location. The EAs were then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size. At the second stage, households which are the ultimate sampling units were drawn using Systematic Random Sampling. A total of 300 Enumeration Areas were selected from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) list which constituted the Sampling Frame. At the third stage respondents from the house hold were selected using a Kish grid.

Training and field work:

A team of field supervisors and interviewers were recruited and trained for the main survey. The training lasted ten days and the main approach of training comprised of classroom instructions on interviewing techniques, field procedures, a detailed review of the data collection tool, tests and practice using hand-held Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) devices. The training also included classroom mock interviews and field practice in selected EAs outside of the main sample. Team supervisors were further trained in data quality control procedures and coordination of fieldwork activities.

Data collection:

A centralized approach to data collection was employed with nine field teams constituted and dispatched to the different sampled areas. Each team comprised one field supervisor, three enumerators and a driver. The field interviewers were recruited based on fluency in the local language spoken in the respective region of deployment while the supervisors were a balance of both males and females. The interview method of data collection was employed where interviewers asked the selected respondent in the household to provide the applicable response. During data collection, the interviewers asked respondents the question as follows; Do you think that politicians (such as political party leaders) respond to the population’s concerns and needs...? The responses

were;

1 = Not at all

2 = Rarely

3 = Often

4 = Completely

The NGPSS 2017 underwent several stages of implementation which included: survey organization, Stakeholder consultative meetings where user needs were identified, sample selection, questionnaire and application development, pretesting and finalization of questionnaires, recruitment and training of field staff, field data collection and capture, data processing, management, cleaning and analysis; report writing and production. At each stage, the survey conformed to international best practices in survey implementation. In addition, all relevant international standards were followed during the generation of the indicator.

Sample Design:

The sample was designed to allow generation of separate estimates at the national level, residence and for the 5 Statistical Regions of Uganda. A three stage cluster sampling design was employed to select a representative sample at household level. At the first stage, EAs were grouped by districts of similar socio-economic characteristics and by rural-urban location. The EAs were then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size. At the second stage, households which are the ultimate sampling units were drawn using Systematic Random Sampling. A total of 300 Enumeration Areas were selected from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) list which constituted the Sampling Frame.

Training and field work:

A team of field supervisors and interviewers were recruited and trained for the main survey. The training lasted ten days and the main approach of training comprised of classroom instructions on interviewing techniques, field procedures, a detailed review of the data collection tool, tests and practice using hand-held Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) devices. The training also included classroom mock interviews and field practice in selected EAs outside of the main sample. Team supervisors were further trained in data quality control procedures and coordination of fieldwork activities.

Data collection:

The interview method of data collection was employed where interviewers asked the selected respondent in the household to provide the applicable response. During data collection, the interviewers asked respondents the question; How well do you think your local authority is handling the following:

A = Reporting back to the people

B = Consulting traditional / community leaders

C = Delivering local services 1. Very badly 2. Badly 3. Well 4. Very well

The survey is expected every 5 years

2023

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Department of Demography and Social Statistics

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) Act, 1998 provides for the development and maintenance of a National Statistical System (NSS) to ensure collection, analysis and publication of integrated, relevant, reliable and timely statistical information. It established the Bureau as the coordinating, monitoring and supervisory body for the National Statistical System.

SDG indicator 16.7.2 refers to the concept of ‘political efficacy’, which dates back to the 1950s, when the concept was discussed jointly with political trust as a key measure of the overall health of a democratic system (Craig et al, 1990). It can be defined as the “feeling that political and social change is possible and that the individual citizen can play a part in bringing about this change” (Campbell, Gurin and Miller, 1954, p.187). This perception that people can impact decision-making is important as it makes it worthwhile for them to perform their civic duties.

The ability to participate in society, to have a say in the shaping of policies and to dissent without fear are essential freedoms. Political voice also provides a corrective to public policy: it can ensure the accountability of officials and public institutions, reveal what people need and value, and call attention to significant deprivations. Political voice also reduces the potential for conflicts and enhances the prospect of building consensus on key issues, with payoffs for economic efficiency, social equity, and inclusiveness in public life.

The SDG indicator 16.7.2 focuses only on ‘external efficacy’.

Levels of external efficacy across various population groups are important to measure as they are correlated with trust in government and government evaluations (Finkel, 1985; Quintilier & Hooghe, 2012), as well as perceptions of the legitimacy of public institutions (Mcevoy, 2016). Higher levels of system responsiveness are also expected to be associated with higher levels of political participation, including voting in elections (Abramson and Aldrich, 1982), and with people’s own life satisfaction (Flavin and Keane, 2011).

The NGPSS question used a proxy: Do you think politicians respond to the population’s concerns and needs?

The question used for data collection was.

Do you think that politicians (such as political party leaders) respond to the population’s concerns and needs?

The responses were;

1 = Not at all

2 = Rarely

3 = Often

4 = Completely The computation used responses for codes 3 and 4 expressed as a percentage of all the respondents.

A validation Technical working meeting was held for selected stakeholders before the dissemination of the NGPSS 2017 Report.

The Paria Group developed a Governance Handbook to guide Uganda in the development of Governance Statistics at national level

To ensure quality management of the survey results;

The survey implementation underwent a series of checks by the UBOS management. The survey implementation was over seen by a Core team consisting of staff from both UBOS and Makerere University School of Statistics and Planning right from the inception to its finalization.

The survey report was reviewed by UBOS management where are Directors.

The NGPSS 2017 underwent several stages before production and sharing of the final findings.  The Survey implementation covered these aspects to address quality assurance;

1. Consultative user needs assessment meetings are held with all key stakeholders.
2. The survey and sampling design generated using scientific methods as recommended by the Census and Survey Rules and Regulations.
3. The questionnaire development follows a multi-stakeholder approach and pretesting helps to establish the relevancy and adequacy of the questions to be used.
4. Senior Supervision is conducted during data collection to ensure that quality data is collected
5. Data editing, cleaning and coding is undertaken before analysis and report writing

Before dissemination, the report is reviewed and quality assured by the Department of Outreach and Quality Assurance at the Bureau.

National, Sex, Region and Residence

None

The National Governance Peace and Security Survey report 2017 by UBOS www.ubospublications.org.ug