Indicator 16.5.1 Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months

Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

Target 16.5: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere.

16.5.1. Proportion of persons who had at least one contact with a public official and who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by those public officials, during the previous 12 months

November 2021

Indicator 16.5.2

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Junda Nuwamanya

Demography and Social Statistics

Senior Statistician Crime Statistics

+256 782 602544

P.O Box 7186, Kampala

junda.nuwamanya@ubos.org

Definition:

This indicator is defined as the percentage of persons who paid at least one bribe (gave a public official money, a gift or counter favor) to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by these public officials, in the last 12 months, as a percentage of persons who had at least one contact with a public official in the same period.

Concepts:

Bribery is defined as: ‘Promising, offering, giving, soliciting, or accepting an undue advantage to or from a public official or a person who directs or works in a private sector entity, directly or indirectly, in order that the person act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her official duties’.

While the concept of bribery is broader, as it includes also actions such as promising or offering, and it covers both public and private sector, this indicator focuses on specific forms of bribery that are more measurable (the giving and/ or requesting of bribes) and it limits the scope to the public sector.

The concept of undue advantage is operationalized by reference to giving of money, gifts or provision of a service requested/offered by/to a public official in exchange for a special treatment.

This indicator captures the often called ‘administrative bribery’, which is often intended as the type of bribery affecting citizens in their dealings with public administrations and/or civil servants.

For this indicator, public official refers to persons holding a legislative, executive, administrative or judicial office. In the operationalization of the indicator, a list of selected officials and civil servants is used.

Percent

None

National Governance Peace and Security Survey 2017

The NGPSS 2017 underwent several stages of implementation which included: survey organization, stakeholder consultative meetings where user needs were identified, sample selection, questionnaire and application development, pretesting and finalization of questionnaires, recruitment and training of field staff, field data collection and capture, data processing, management, cleaning and analysis; report writing and production. At each stage, the survey conformed to international best practices in survey implementation.

Sample:

The sample was designed to allow generation of separate estimates at the national level, residence and for the 5 Statistical Regions of Uganda. A three stage cluster sampling design was employed to select a representative sample at household level. At the first stage, EAs were grouped by districts of similar socio-economic characteristics and by rural-urban location. The EAs were then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size. At the second stage, households which are the ultimate sampling units were drawn using Systematic Random Sampling. A total of 300 Enumeration Areas were selected from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) list which constituted the Sampling Frame. At the third stage respondents from the house hold were selected using a Kish grid.

Training and field work:

A team of field supervisors and interviewers were recruited and trained for the main survey. The training lasted ten days and the main approach of training comprised of classroom instructions on interviewing techniques, field procedures, a detailed review of the data collection tool, tests and practice using hand-held Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) devices. The training also included classroom mock interviews and field practice in selected EAs outside of the main sample. Team supervisors were further trained in data quality control procedures and coordination of fieldwork activities.

Data collection:

A centralized approach to data collection was employed with nine field teams constituted and dispatched to the different sampled areas. Each team comprised one field supervisor, three enumerators and a driver. The field interviewers were recruited based on fluency in the local language spoken in the respective region of deployment while the supervisors were a balance of both males and females.

The interview method of data collection was employed where interviewers asked the selected respondent in the household to provide the applicable response.

During data collection, the interviewers asked respondents the question as follows;

In the past 12 months, have you had to give money or to offer a gift to a civil servant in exchange for a free service?

1 = Yes 2 = No

Every 5 years

2023

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Department of Demography and Social Statistics

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) Act, 1998 provides for the development and maintenance of a National Statistical System (NSS) to ensure collection, analysis and publication of integrated, relevant, reliable and timely statistical information. It established the Bureau as the coordinating, monitoring and supervisory body for the National Statistical System.

Corruption is an antonym of equal accessibility to public services and of correct functioning of the economy; as such, it has a negative impact on fair distribution of resources and development opportunities. Besides, corruption erodes public trust in authorities and the rule of law; when administrative bribery becomes a recurrent experience of large sectors of the population and businesses, its negative effects have an enduring negative impact on the rule of law, democratic processes and justice. By providing a direct measure of the experience of bribery, this indicator provides an objective metric of corruption, a yardstick to monitor progress in the fight against corruption

The way the question was asked needed more probing in a qualitative module given the subjectivity of the question. However, this was not covered by the survey.

The indicator is calculated as the total number of persons who paid at least one bribe to a public official in the last 12 months, or were asked for a bribe in the same period, over the total number of persons who had at least one contact with a public official in the same period, multiplied by 100.

A validation Technical working meeting was held for selected stakeholders before the dissemination of the NGPSS 2017 Report.

The Paria Group developed a Governance Handbook to guide all countries in the development of Governance Statistics at International

To ensure quality management of the survey results; the survey implementation underwent a series of checks by the UBOS management. The survey implementation was over seen by a Core team consisting of staff from both UBOS and Makerere University School of Statistics and Planning right from the inception to its finalization. The survey report was reviewed by UBOS management who are Directors.

The NGPSS 2017 implementation covered these aspects to address quality assurance at the different stages;

1. Consultative assessment meetings are held with all key stakeholders.
2. The survey and sampling design generated using scientific methods as recommended by the Census and Survey Rules and Regulations.
3. The questionnaire development follows a multi-stakeholder approach and pretesting helps to establish the relevancy and adequacy of the questions to be used.
4. Senior Supervision is conducted during data collection to ensure that quality data is collected
5. Data editing, cleaning and coding is undertaken before analysis and report writing

Before dissemination, the report is reviewed and quality assured by the Department of Outreach and Quality Assurance at the Bureau.

Age and sex of bribe-givers Type of official income level of bribe-givers, Education attainment of bribe-givers Region National

None

The National Governance Peace and Security Survey report 2017 by UBOS www.ubospublications.org.ug