Indicator 16.2.1 Proportion of children aged 1–17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month

Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.

Target 16.2: End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children

16.2.1. Proportion of children aged 1-17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month.

November 2021

None

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Johnstone Galande

Department of Demography and Social Statistics

Senior Demographer

+256 782 789787

P.O Box 7186,, Kampala

galandej1@gmail.com

Definition:

Proportion of children aged 1-17 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month is currently being measured by the proportion of children aged 1-14 years who experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month.

Concepts:

In the Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS), psychological aggression refers to the action of shouting, yelling or screaming at a child, as well as calling a child offensive name, such as ‘dumb’ or ‘lazy’. Physical (or corporal) punishment is an action intended to cause physical pain or discomfort, but not injuries. Physical punishment is defined as shaking the child, hitting or slapping him/her on the hand/arm/leg, hitting him/her on the bottom or elsewhere on the body with a hard object, spanking or hitting him/her on the bottom with a bare hand, hitting or slapping him/her on the face, head or ears, and beating him/her over and over as hard as possible.

Percent

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The Uganda Demographic Health Survey 2016

Every 5 years

2023

Uganda Bureau of Statistics.

Uganda Bureau of Statistics, ICF

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) Act, 1998 provides for the development and maintenance of a National Statistical System (NSS) to ensure collection, analysis and publication of integrated, relevant, reliable and timely statistical information. It established the Bureau as the coordinating, monitoring and supervisory body for the National Statistical System.

In Uganda, children are raised using methods that rely on physical force or verbal intimidation to punish unwanted behaviors and encourage desired ones. The use of violent discipline with children represents a violation of their rights. Physical discipline and psychological aggression tend to overlap and frequently occur together, exacerbating the short- and long-term harm they inflict. The consequences of violent discipline range from immediate effects to long term damage that children carry well into adulthood. Violent discipline is the most widespread, and socially accepted, type of violence against children.

The current data availability does not capture the full age range specified in the SDG indicator since data are not collected for Children aged 15-17 years and further methodological work is needed to identify additional items on disciplinary practices relevant for older adolescents.

Number of children aged 1-17 years who are reported to have experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month divided by the total number of children aged 1-17 in the population multiplied by 100.

Proxy indicator:

Number of children aged 1-14 years who are reported to have experienced any physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers in the past month divided by the total number of children aged 1-14 in the population multiplied by 100.

A wide consultative process is undertaken to compile, assess and validate data on the indicator.

The consultation process solicited feedback directly from other Government Agencies responsible for official statistics, on the compilation of the indicators, including the data sources used, and the application of internationally agreed definitions, classification and methodologies to the data from that source.

The results of this Indicator consultation are reviewed by Ministry of Gender and UNICEF.

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The survey implementation is overseen by a Steering Committee which is constituted using a multi sectorial approach.

The survey report is reviewed by an experienced team at Management level who are in most cases Directors or Heads of departments and key stakeholders from Makerere School of Public Health, Molecular Laboratory of Makerere University School of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health and later reviewed by consultants.

The global standards are followed across all the stages of the Generic Statistical Business Process Model (GSBPM). The UDHS goes through several stages before production and sharing of the final findings. During the Survey implementation.

1. Consultative user needs assessment meetings are held with all key stakeholders.
2. ICF International provided consultants to oversee the UDHS
3. The survey and sampling design generated using scientific methods as recommended by the Census and Survey Rules and Regulations.
4. The questionnaire development for different categories of the Target respondents were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Uganda. (Man’s Questionnaire, Woman’s questionnaire, Biomarker questionnaire and Field worker questionnaire. This follows a multi-stakeholder approach and pretesting helps to establish the relevancy and adequacy of the questions to be used.
5. Senior Supervision is conducted during data collection to ensure that quality data is collected.
6. Field Data editing, Secondary data cleaning and coding is undertaken before analysis and report writing

Before dissemination, the report is reviewed and quality assured by a professional team of the National Statistical System.

Quality Control is addressed at all levels during Survey implementation.

Data availability:

Data available every 5 years for a sub-sample of children aged 1-14 years

Time series:

2016

Disaggregation:

By sex, National

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Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), 2021. www.ubopublication.or.ug