Indicator 16.1.3 Proportion of population subjected to (a) physical violence, (b) psychological violence and (c) sexual violence in the previous 12 months

Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

16.1.3. Proportion of population subjected to physical, psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months

November 2021

Indicators under target 16.2, 16.3, 16.a, 5.2

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Uganda Bureau of Statistics

Johnstone Galande

Department of Demography and Social Statistics

Senior Demographer

+256 782 789787

P.O Box 7186, Kampala

galandej1@gmail.com

Definition:

This indicator measures the prevalence of victimization from physical, psychological or sexual violence.

Physical violence: This concept is equivalent to the concept of physical assault, as defined in the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS): the intentional or reckless application of physical force inflicted upon the body of a person. This includes serious and minor bodily injuries and serious and minor physical force. According to the ICCS, these are defined as:

Serious bodily injury, at minimum, includes gunshot or bullet wounds; knife or stab wounds; severed limbs; broken bones or teeth knocked out; internal injuries; being knocked unconscious; and other severe or critical injuries.

Serious physical force, at minimum, includes being shot; stabbed or cut; hit by an object; hit by a thrown object; poisoning and other applications of force with the potential to cause serious bodily injury.

Minor bodily injury, at minimum, includes bruises, cuts, scratches, chipped teeth, swelling, black eye and other minor injuries.

Minor physical force, at minimum, includes hitting, slapping, pushing, tripping, knocking down and other applications of force with the potential to cause minor bodily injury.

Sexual violence (ICCS): Unwanted sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, or contact or communication with unwanted sexual attention without valid consent or with consent as a result of intimidation, force, fraud, coercion, threat, deception, use of drugs or alcohol, or abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability. This includes rape and other forms of sexual assault.

Psychological violence: There is as yet no consensus at the international level of the precise definition of psychological violence and there is as yet no generally well-established methodology to measure psychological violence.

Proportion

None

The Uganda Demography and Health Survey (UDHS)

The 2016 UDHS underwent several stages before production and sharing of the final findings. These included: survey planning, consultative user needs assessment meetings, survey and sampling design, questionnaire development, pretesting and finalization of questionnaires, recruitment and training of field staff, field data collection and capture, data processing, management, checking and analysis; report writing and production. At each stage, the survey conformed to international best practices in survey implementation. In addition, all relevant international standards have been followed in generation of the indicator.

Sample Design:

The 2016 UDHS sample was designed to allow generation of separate estimates at the national level, for urban and rural areas and for the 15 sub-regions of Uganda. At the time of the survey, there were 129 functional districts. A two-stage stratified sampling design was used. At the first stage, EAs were grouped by districts of similar socio economic characteristics and by rural-urban location. The EAs were then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size. At the second stage, households which are the ultimate sampling units were drawn using Systematic Random Sampling.

In the first stage, 697 EAs were selected from the 2014 Uganda National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) list which constituted the Sampling Frame. 162 EAs in urban areas and 535 in rural areas. The EAs were then grouped into 15 sub regions, taking into consideration the standard errors required for estimation of poverty indicators at sub-regions and the rural-urban domains

Questionnaire:

Four questionnaires were used in the 2016 UDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on the DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Uganda. In addition, information on the survey fieldworkers was collected through a self-administered Fieldworker Questionnaire.

Training and field work:

UBOS recruited and trained a total of 173 fieldworkers (108 women and 65 men) to serve as supervisors.

CAPI managers, interviewers, health technicians, and reserve interviewers for the main fieldwork. Health Technicians were trained separately from interviewers. The training was conducted in a period of 30 days. The main approach of the training comprised instructions in relation to interviewing techniques and field procedures, a detailed review of the data collection modules, tests and practice using hand-held Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) devices. The training also included classroom mock interviews and field practice in selected EAs outside of the main survey sample. Team supervisors were further trained in data quality control procedures and coordination of fieldwork activities.

Prior to the main fieldwork, the data collection module were pretested to ensure that the questions were clear, flow ing and easily understood by the respondents.

Data collection:

Data collection was conducted by 21 field teams, each consisting of one team leader, one field data Manager, three female interviewers, one male interviewer, one health technician, and one driver.

The health technicians were responsible for anthropometric measurements, blood sample collection for Hemoglobin and malaria testing, and DBS specimen collection for vitamin A testing.

The field supervisors transferred data to the central data processing office via IFSS. Senior staff from the Makerere University School of Public Health, the Ministry of Health, and UBOS and a survey technical specialist from The DHS Program coordinated and supervised fieldwork activities. Data collection took place over a 6-month period from 20 June 2016 through 16 December 2016.

The CAPI Application used in the 2016 UDHS was developed by the DHS Program with the mobile version of CSPro. The CSPro software was developed jointly by the U.S. Census Bureau, Serpro S.A. and The DHS Program.

Every 5 years

2022

Uganda Bureau of Statistics.

Uganda Bureau of Statistics, ICF

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) Act, 1998 provides for the development and maintenance of a National Statistical System (NSS) to ensure collection, analysis and publication of integrated, relevant, reliable and timely statistical information. It established the Bureau as the coordinating, monitoring and supervisory body for the National Statistical System.

This indicator measures the prevalence of victimization from physical, sexual (and, possibly, psychological) violence. Given that acts of violence are heavily underreported to the authorities, this indicator needs to be based on data collected through sample surveys of the adult population.

The 2016 UDHS did not capture information on the general population but is limited to 15-49 years for both sexes (Male and Female)

The methodology for measurement of psychological violence is not yet agreed upon at the international level hence the survey did not consider this aspect.

Number of survey respondents who have been victim of physical, psychological or sexual violence in the previous 12 months, divided by the total number of survey respondents.

A wide consultative process is undertaken to compile, assess and validate data on the indicator. The consultation process solicited feedback directly from other Government Agencies responsible for official statistics, on the compilation of the indicators, including the data sources used, and the application of internationally agreed definitions, classification and methodologies to the data from that source.

The results of this Indicator consultation are reviewed by Ministry of Gender and UNICEF

None

The survey implementation is overseen by a Steering Committee which is constituted using a multi sectorial approach. The survey report is reviewed by an experienced team at Management level who are Directors or Heads of departments and key stakeholders from Makerere School of Public Health, Molecular Laboratory of Makerere University School of Health Sciences, and Ministry of Health and later reviewed by consultants.

The UDHS goes through several stages before production and sharing of the final findings. During the Survey implementation.

1. Consultative user needs assessment meetings are held with all key stakeholders.
2. ICF International provided consultants to oversee the UDHS implementation.
3. The survey and sampling design generated using scientific methods as recommended by the Census and Survey Rules and Regulations.
4. The questionnaire development for different categories of the target respondents were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Uganda. (Man’s Questionnaire, Woman’s questionnaire, Biomarker questionnaire and field worker questionnaire. This follows a multi-stakeholder approach and pretesting helps to establish the relevancy and adequacy of the questions to be used.
5. Senior Supervision is conducted during data collection to ensure that quality data is collected. vi. Field Data editing, Secondary data cleaning and coding is undertaken before analysis and report writing.

Before dissemination, the report is reviewed and quality assured by a professional team of the National Statistical System.

Quality Control is addressed at all levels during the Survey implementation.

Data Availability:

Data available Every 5 years

Time Series:

2011,2016

Disaggregation:

By age-group, sex, Geographical region and location (Rural-Urban), sub regions

None

Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016 [FR333] (ubos.org)